World markets advanced on Monday despite the conflict in Ukraine, focusing on whether the European Central Bank will announce plans for economic stimulus when it meets this week.
Ukraine reported its forces were under fire from Russian tanks again on Monday, as new signs emerged that the turmoil was damaging the European economy.
Manufacturing output in the euro zone grew at its slowest pace in more than a year and factories reported falling orders as weakness showed up in most corners of the region.
Even so, shares on Europe's FTSEurofirst 300 index .FTEU3 largely held their ground after markets in Asia shrugged off some disappointing data from China.
U.S. markets were closed for the day, but gains by bonds from the euro zone periphery suggested that appetite for risk remained alive.
Latin American stocks mostly rose, with Brazil's benchmark Bovespa index .BVSP leading gains after an opinion poll showed declining re-election chances for President Dilma Rousseff, accused by investors of being excessively interventionist in the economy.
The euro also recovered to $1.3130 after reaching a one-year low against the dollar overnight.
Geopolitics remained front and center. Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko accused Russia on Monday of "direct and undisguised aggression", after warning over the weekend of a possible "full-scale war."
European Union leaders were drawing up new sanctions against Moscow. EU sources told Reuters that Europeans could be barred from buying new Russian government bonds. Another said the EU might restrict its gas exports and limit industrial use if Russia starts to clamp down on supply or push up prices.
Moscow appeared in no mood to back away, though. President Vladimir Putin had called on Sunday for talks on the "statehood" of southern and eastern Ukraine, and as fighting continued in Ukraine his foreign minister, Sergei Lavrov, hinted Russia would hit back if Europe imposed new sanctions.
With Russia's economy already struggling, the threat of new European action pushed dollar-traded shares in Moscow .IRTS down 1 percent, the rouble RUB= to a record low and Russian borrowing costs to a five-year high.
The euro, in contrast, barely budged throughout the European day. Core euro zone bond yields remained at record lows [GVD/EUR] and the dollar index .DXY held near a 13-month high.
ENTER THE DRAGHI
Chancellor Angela Merkel acknowledged that enacting further sanctions against Russia might hurt the German economy but said doing nothing was "not an option."
The European Central Bank meets on Thursday and is the prime event for markets seeking clarity on the euro zone's response to a stalled recovery, disappearing inflation and the sluggish pace of reform.
Inflation in the 9.6 trillion euro economy dropped to a five-year low of 0.3 percent in August, a sign that the euro zone's cushion against Japan-style deflation is getting thinner.
Benoit Coeure, one of the ECB's top policymakers, said in an interview over the weekend that the bank is ready to adjust its monetary policy further if needed. French Prime Minister Manuel Valls also repeated his calls for the ECB to tackle the problem of an over-valued euro.
"Pressure for the ECB to do more has returned, not only because of weak output/inflation data, but mostly following (ECB President Mario) Draghi's speech in Jackson Hole," said Frederik Ducrozet, senior euro zone economist at Credit Agricole. Draghi said last month the ECB was prepared to respond with all "available" tools if inflation drops further.
CHINA DISAPPOINTS
U.S. markets were closed on Monday for the Labor Day holiday but it will be a busy week for markets, with central bank meetings in six of the G-10, three major emerging markets and U.S. jobs data on Friday.
MSCI's broadest index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan .MIAPJ0000PUS had ended up 0.25 percent and Japan's Nikkei stock average .N225 finished 0.3 percent higher.
The gains came even after an official index of Chinese manufacturing fell from a 27-month high in August. That was still the second-highest reading this year.
"The economy still faces considerable downside risks to growth in the second half of the year, which warrants further policy easing," said Qu Hongbin, an economist at HSBC.
The weaker-than-expected data weighed on oil prices. U.S. crude CLc1 slipped 0.1 percent to $95.83 a barrel after marking a monthly loss in August. Brent LCOc1 was off 0.57 percent at $102.60 a barrel and growth-attuned metal copper CMCU3 also sagged.
The dollar rose slightly against the yen to 104.29, moving back toward last week's seven-month high of 104.49. The Bank of Japan is one of those meeting this week, and it is expected to hold fire for now despite weak economic data last week.
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